Prevalence of syphilis, HIV and toxoplasmosis in prenatal screening in the population of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Prevalência de Sífilis, HIV e Toxoplasmose no pré-natal em uma população no Norte Fluminense

Introduction: There is a need for studies to know the real situation and outline measures to guarantee a reduction in the rates of pregnant women diagnosed with HIV, Syphilis and Toxoplasmosis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Syphilis, HIV and toxoplasmosis in puerperal women assisted at the largest public maternity hospital in Campos dos Goytacazes in 2016. Methods: Cross-sectional study, using secondary data from the puerperal women assisted at the largest maternity hospital in the northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in the year 2016. Results: There were 970 puerperal women, with a prevalence of HIV, Syphilis and Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy of 1.6, 2.7 and 2%, respectively. Most pregnant women were diagnosed at delivery due to low serological coverage during pregnancy. Conclusion: The high prevalence of Syphilis, HIV and Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy requires efficient prenatal care for its identification and approach.

Introdução: São necessários estudos para conhecer a real situação e delinear medidas que garantam a redução dos índices de gestantes com diagnóstico de vírus da imunodeficiência humana, sífilis e toxoplasmose. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de sífilis, vírus da imunodeficiência humana e toxoplasmose em puérperas atendidas na maior maternidade pública de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ) no ano de 2016. Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando dados secundários das puérperas atendidas na maior maternidade do Norte Fluminense no ano de 2016. Resultados: Foram 970 puérperas, com prevalência de vírus da imunodeficiência humana, sífilis e toxoplasmose na gestação de 1,6, 2,7 e 2%, respectivamente. A maioria das gestantes foi diagnosticada no momento do parto em razão da baixa cobertura sorológica durante a gestação. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de sífilis, vírus da imunodeficiência humana e toxoplasmose na gravidez requer um pré-natal eficiente para sua identificação e abordagem.

COVID 19 y embarazo en Chile: Informe preliminar del estudio multicéntrico GESTACOVID / COVID-19 and pregnancy in Chile: preliminary report of the GESTACOVID multicenter study

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile, los efectos maternos y perinatales de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 son aún desconocidos. GESTACOVID es un estudio multicéntrico que incluye embarazadas y puérperas hasta el día 42 con COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un informe preliminar, describiendo el impacto de la enfermedad en las embarazadas, factores de riesgo asociados y resultados perinatales. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte descriptivo que incluye 661 pacientes enroladas entre el 7 de marzo y el 6 de julio de 2020, en 23 centros hospitalarios del país. Se analizaron variables demográficas, comorbilidades, características clínicas y del diagnóstico de COVID-19 y resultado materno y perinatal. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes hospitalizadas por COVID-19 tuvieron mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial crónica [10% vs 3%; OR=3,1 (1,5-6,79); p=0,003] y de diabetes tipo 1 y 2 [7% vs 2%; OR=3,2 (1,3-7,7); p=0,009] que las pacientes manejadas ambulatoriamente. Un IMC >40 kg/mt2 se asoció con un riesgo dos veces mayor de requerir manejo hospitalizado [OR=2,4 (1,2 - 4,6); p=0,009]. Aproximadamente la mitad de las pacientes (54%) tuvo un parto por cesárea, y un 8% de las interrupciones del embarazo fueron por COVID-19. Hasta la fecha de esta publicación, 38% de las pacientes continuaban embarazadas. Hubo 21 PCR positivas en 316 neonatos (6,6%), la mayoría (17/21) en pacientes diagnosticadas por cribado universal. CONCLUSIONES: Las embarazadas con COVID-19 y comorbilidades como diabetes, hipertensión crónica y obesidad mórbida deben ser manejadas atentamente y deberán ser objeto de mayor investigación. La tasa de transmisión vertical requiere una mayor evaluación para diferenciar el mecanismo y tipo de infección involucrada.

INTRODUCTION: In Chile, effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women are unknown. GESTACOVID is a multicenter collaborative study including pregnant women and those in the postpartum period (until 42 days) who have had COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to report our preliminary results describing the clinical impact of COVID-19 in pregnant women, the associated risk factors and perinatal results. METHODS: Descriptive cohort study including 661 patients between April 7th and July 6th, 2020, in 23 hospitals. Demographical, comorbidities, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of COVID-19 disease and maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were more likely to have chronic hypertension [10% vs 3%; OR=3.1 (1.5-6.79); p=0,003] and diabetes type 1 and 2 [7% vs 2%; OR=3.2 (1.3-7.7); p=0.009] than those with outpatient management. A body mass index of >40 kg/mt2 was associated with two-fold higher risk of hospitalization [OR=2.4 (1.2-4.6); p=0.009]. Almost half of patients (54%) were delivered by cesarean section, and 8% of the medically indicated deliveries were due to COVID-19. So far, 38% of the patients are still pregnant. Among 316 newborns, there were 21 positive PCR tests (6.6%), mostly from asymptomatic mothers undergoing universal screening. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with COVID-19 and comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic hypertension and morbid obesity need a close follow up and should be a matter for further research. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 should be thoroughly studied to define the mechanisms and type of infection involved.

Impact of comorbidities in mexican SARS-COV-2-positive patients: a retrospective analysis in a national cohort

ABSTRACT Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak is a significant challenge for health-care systems around the world. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of comorbidities on the case fatality rate (CFR) and the development of adverse events in patients positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Mexican population. Materials and methods: We analyzed the data from 13,842 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients in Mexico between January 1, 2020, and April 25, 2020. We investigated the risk of death and the development of adverse events (hospitalization, pneumonia, orotracheal intubation, and intensive care unit [ICU] admission), comparing the number of comorbidities of each patient. Results: The patient mean age was 46.6 ± 15.6 years, 42.3% (n = 5853) of the cases were women, 38.8% of patients were hospitalized, 4.4% were intubated, 29.6% developed pneumonia, and 4.4% had critical illness. The CFR was 9.4%. The risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-3.7), pneumonia (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.6-3.5), ICU admission (OR = 2, 95% CI: 1.5-2.7), and CFR (hazard ratio = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.9-4.2) was higher in patients with three or more comorbidities than in patients with 1, 2, or with no comorbidities. Conclusions: The number of comorbidities may be a determining factor in the clinical course and its outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.

High incidence of herpes simplex virus-1 in cord blood and placenta infection of women in southern Brazil / Alta incidência do vírus herpes simplex 1 em sangue de cordão e infecção na placenta de mulheres no sul do Brasil

Abstract Objective Estimate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 1 HSV-1 DNA in placental samples, its incidence in umbilical cord blood of newborns and the associated risk factors. Methods Placental biopsies and umbilical cord blood were analyzed, totaling 480 samples, from asymptomatic parturients and their newborns at a University Hospital. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencingwere used to identify the virus; odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were performed to compare risk factors associated with this condition. Results The prevalence of HSV-1 DNA in placental samples was 37.5%, and the incidence in cord blood was 27.5%. Hematogenous transplacental route was identified in 61.4% from HSV-1+ samples of umbilical cord blood paired with the placental tissue. No evidence of the virus was observed in the remaining 38.6% of placental tissues, suggesting an ascendant infection from the genital tract, without replication in the placental tissue, resulting in intra-amniotic infection and vertical transmission, seen by the virus in the cord blood. The lack of condom use increased the risk of finding HSV-1 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood. Conclusion The occurrence of HSV-1 DNA in the placenta and in cord blood found suggests vertical transmission from asymptomatic pregnant women to the fetus.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência do DNA do vírus herpes humano 1 (HSV-1) em amostras de placenta, sua incidência no sangue do cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos e fatores de risco associados. Métodos Biópsias de placenta e de sangue de cordão umbilical foram analisadas, totalizando 480 amostras de parturientes assintomáticas e seus recém-nascidos emum hospital universitário. Reação de cadeia de polimerase (RCP) nested e sequenciamento gênico foram usados para identificar o vírus; odds ratio (OR) e risco relativo (RR) foram realizados para comparar os fatores de risco associados à essa condição. Resultados A prevalência do DNA do HSV-1 em amostras de placenta foi de 37,5%, e a incidência no sangue do cordão foi de 27,5%. A via transplacentária hematogênica foi identificada em 61,4% das amostras de HSV-1+do sangue do cordão umbilical, pareadas com o tecido placentário. Nenhuma evidência do vírus foi observada nos restantes 38,6% dos tecidos placentários, sugerindo uma infecção ascendente do trato genital. A falta de uso do preservativo aumentou o risco de encontrar o HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical. Conclusão A ocorrência de DNA do HSV-1 na placenta e no sangue do cordão umbilical sugere uma transmissão vertical de gestantes assintomáticas para o feto.

Epidemiological profile of cases of congenital syphilis in Belém City, Pará State, from 2009 to 2018 / Perfil epidemiológico da sífilis congênita em Belém, Pará, brasil de 2009 e 2018

Introduction: Congenital Syphilis (CS) is a systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium spirochete Treponema pallidum, of vertical transmission, trans placentally, resulting from the non-treatment or inadequate treatment of infected mothers, thus determining alarming numbers in the national territory, as in Belém City (Pará State). Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and incidence rate of CS in Belém, Pará. Methods: Quantitative, ecological, and descriptive study, conducted based on data available on DATASUS/TABNET from 2009 to 2018. Results: A total of 1,109 cases of CS were reported in Belém City. The mean incidence rate in this period was 5.4/1000 live births. As for newborns, 1,031 (92.97%) were diagnosed in the first week of life, 499 (45.00%) were male, 742 (66.91%) were pardo, and 860 (77.55%) classified as CS. Regarding maternal characteristics, the age group was inadequately filled in 100% of notifications, 476 (42.92%) had their level of education ignored at the time of filling out the forms, 768 (69.25%) underwent prenatal care, 490 (44.19%) were diagnosed with congenital syphilis at the time of delivery/curettage, and 636 (53.35%) reported no partner treatment. Conclusion: The profile studied showed an incidence rate above the parameters established for control, reflecting the increase in social inequalities, the lack of information about the disease, failure to register health organs, especially on the maternal age analyzed, low prevalence in the appropriate treatment of pregnant women's partners, resonating the need for improvements in the notification system.

Introdução: A Sífilis Congênita (SC) é uma doença infecciosa sistêmica causada pela bactéria espiroqueta Treponema pallidum, a qual possui transmissão vertical, transplacentalmente, resultado do não tratamento ou tratamento inadequado de mães infectadas, determinando, desse modo, números alarmantes em território nacional, como no município de Belém (PA). Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e a taxa de incidência de SC em Belém, Pará. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, ecológico e descritivo, realizado com base em dados disponíveis no DATASUS/TABNET de 2009 a 2018. Resultados: Foram notificados 1.109 casos de SC na cidade de Belém. A taxa média de incidência nesse período foi de 5,4/1000 nascidos vivos. Quanto aos recémnascidos, 1.031 (92,97%) foram diagnosticados na primeira semana de vida, 499 (45,00%) eram do sexo masculino, 742 (66,91%) da cor parda e 860 (77,55%) classificado como SC. Quanto às características maternas, a faixa etária foi inadequadamente preenchida em 100% das notificações, 476 (42,92%) tiveram seu nível de escolaridade ignorado no momento do preenchimento dos formulários, 768 (69,25%) realizaram pré-natal, 490 (44,19%) tiveram o diagnóstico de sífilis congênita no momento do parto/curetagem e 636 (53,35%) relataram ausência de tratamento do parceiro. Conclusão: O perfil estudado mostrou uma taxa de incidência acima dos parâmetros estabelecidos para controle, refletindo o aumento das desigualdades sociais, a falta de informação sobre a doença, falha no registro de órgãos de saúde, especialmente sobre a idade materna analisada, baixa prevalência no tratamento adequado dos parceiros das gestantes, ressaltando a necessidade de melhorias do sistema de notificação.

Syphilis among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2015: a trend analysis according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A time-series study was performed. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge.

Prevalence of rectovaginal colonization by group B Streptococcus in pregnant women seen at prenatal care program of a health organization / Prevalência de colonização retovaginal por estreptococo do grupo B em gestantes de programa de atendimento pré-natal de instituição de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence of group B Streptococci in pregnant women of a corporate health program, as well as the epidemiological correlations. Methods This retrospective study used medical records of patients who participated of the prenatal care program at a private hospital in the city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, from 2015 to 2016. Those who abandoned the program or had incomplete data in their medical records were excluded. Quantitative variables were described by means, standard deviations, median, minimal and maximal values. Parity and socioeconomic status were described by absolute frequency and percentages. We used logistic regression models in the software (SPSS) to analyze correlations of variables according to vaginal-rectal culture, considering a 95%CI and p-values. Variables were age, number of pregnancies, weight gain in pregnancy and gestational age at delivery. Results A total of 347 medical records were included, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 287 medical records composed the final sample. Patients' age ranged between 17 and 44 years. Mean age was 30.6 years, 67 patients had positive result for group B Streptococcus (prevalence of 23.3%; 95%CI: 18.7-28.5). Conclusion Considering the high prevalence of group B Streptococcus in our service, the antibiotic prophylaxis strategy based on rectovaginal culture screening approach seems to be cost-effective.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de estreptococo do grupo B entre gestantes que frequentaram um programa de saúde corporativa, bem como as correlações com a colonização positiva. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários do pré-natal de um hospital privado em São Paulo, no período de 2015 a 2016. Foram excluídas as mulheres que abandonaram o programa ou apresentavam dados incompletos nos prontuários. As variáveis quantitativas foram descritas por média, desvios padrão, mediana, valores mínimos e máximos. A paridade e a condição socioeconômica foram descritos por frequência absoluta e percentagens. Utilizamos modelos de regressão logística no programa (SPSS) para analisar as correlações de variáveis de acordo com a cultura retovaginal, considerando IC95% e valores de p. As variáveis foram idade, número de gestações, peso ganho na gestação e idade gestacional no parto. Resultados Foram incluídos 347 prontuários e, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 287 prontuários compuseram a amostra final. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 17 e 44 anos. A média de idade foi de 30,6 anos, e 67 pacientes tiveram resultado positivo para o estreptococo do grupo B (prevalência de 23,3%; IC95%: 18,7-28,5). Conclusão Considerando a alta prevalência de estreptococos do grupo B em nosso serviço, existem evidências de que a estratégia de antibiótico profilaxia baseada na cultura retovaginal é custo-efetiva.

Malaria grave en mujeres gestantes hospitalizadas entre el 2010 y el 2014 en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia / Severe malaria in pregnant women hospitalized between 2010 and 2014 in the Department of Antioquia (Colombia)

Resumen Introducción. La malaria (o paludismo) durante la gestación impacta negativamente la salud de la madre y del neonato, con alto riesgo de complicaciones clínicas y mortalidad. En las regiones de alta endemia se han caracterizado, especialmente, la anemia materna y el bajo peso al nacer, pero es poco conocido el espectro clínico en las zonas de baja endemia. Objetivo. Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los episodios de malaria en mujeres gestantes hospitalizadas en el departamento de Antioquia entre el 2010 y el 2014. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, con historias clínicas de mujeres gestantes con malaria por Plasmodium falciparum y P. vivax. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos de malaria complicada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y de la Guía para la atención clínica integral del paciente con malaria vigente en Colombia. Resultados. Se analizaron 111 casos; el 13,5 % se clasificó como complicación grave según los criterios de la OMS, porcentaje que ascendió a 23,4 % según los criterios de la guía colombiana. Las complicaciones detectadas fueron disfunción hepática, anemia, acidosis y trombocitopenia grave. No se observó diferencia en la frecuencia de las complicaciones según la especie de plasmodio. El 39,4 % de los casos presentó signos generales de peligro; la palidez y la ictericia fueron los más frecuentes. El 40,5 % presentó signos de peligro para la gestación como la cefalea persistente, el dolor abdominal y el sangrado vaginal. Conclusiones. La malaria grave se presenta con gran frecuencia en las mujeres gestantes, sin diferencia según la especie de plasmodio, y se manifiesta con signos de peligro precozmente reconocibles. Se encontró un subregistro hospitalario del 88 % de los casos graves y falta de exámenes de laboratorio para un diagnóstico más completo. Se requiere un protocolo para el diagnóstico clínico de las mujeres gestantes con malaria.

Abstract Introduction: Malaria during pregnancy has a negative impact on maternal-neonatal health, with a high risk of clinic complications and mortality. High endemic areas are specially characterized by maternal anaemia and low birth weight. The clinical spectrum is little known in low endemic areas. Objective: To clinically and epidemiologically characterize malaria episodes in hospitalized pregnant women in the Department of Antioquia (Colombia) in the period 2010-2014. Materials and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study with medical records of pregnant women with P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria. The WHO severe malaria diagnostic criteria and the Colombian Guía para la atención clínica integral del paciente con malaria (guidelines for comprehensive malaria treatment) were used. Results: We analyzed 111 cases, out of which 13.5% were classified as severe malaria according to the WHO criteria. Following the Colombian Guidelines, the proportion increased to 23.4%. Identified complications included hepatic dysfunction, anaemia, acidosis, and severe thrombocytopenia. No difference in the frequency of complications by Plasmodium species was observed; 39.4% of the cases presented general danger signs, pallor and jaundice being the most frequent; 40.5% showed danger signs for pregnancy, such as persistent headache, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding. Conclusions: Severe malaria is a highly frequent event in pregnant women, without differences by Plasmodium species. It shows early recognizable dangers signs. Hospital under-reporting was identified in 88% of severe cases as well as a lack of laboratory tests for a more comprehensive diagnosis. A protocol for the clinical diagnosis of pregnant women with malaria is required.

Factors associated with prenatal care and HIV and syphilis testing during pregnancy in primary health care

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors associated with HIV and syphilis testing during pregnancy in Brazil. METHODS This was an ecological study covering all Brazilian municipalities evaluated by the second cycle of the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care, 2013-2014. The dependent variables were based on prenatal care access: prenatal care appointments, and HIV and syphilis tests during prenatal care. The independent variables were compared with demographic and social characteristics. Bivariate analysis was performed assessing the three outcomes with the independent variables. Variables with significant associations in this bivariate analysis were fit in a Poisson multiple regression analysis with robust variance to obtain adjusted estimates. RESULT Poisson regression analysis showed a statistically significant association with the variables "less than eight years of study" [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.31; 95%CI 1.19-1.45; p < 0.001] and "participants of the cash transfer program" (PR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.72-0.88; p < 0.001) for the outcome of "having less than six prenatal care appointments" and individual variables. A statistically significant association was found for "participants of the cash transfer program" (PR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.19-1.72; p < 0.001) regarding the outcome from the comparison between HIV testing absence during prenatal care and demographic and social characteristics. The absence of syphilis testing during prenatal care, and demographic and social characteristics presented a statistically significant association for the education level variable "less than eight years of study" (PR =1.75; 95%CI 1.56-1.96; p < 0.001) and "participants of the cash transfer program" (PR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.07-1.36; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The individual factors were associated with prenatal care appointments and HIV and syphilis tests in Brazilian pregnant women. They show missed opportunities for diagnosing HIV and syphilis infection during prenatal care and indicate weaknesses in the quality of maternal health care services to eliminate mother-to-child transmission.

Factors associated with inadequate follow-up of children with congenital syphilis / Fatores associados ao seguimento não adequado de crianças com sífilis congênita

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze factors associated with outpatient follow-up of children with congenital syphilis. METHODS A non-concurrent cohort study performed in primary care units and three reference maternity hospitals in Fortaleza (Ceará State). Data were collected from September 2013 to September 2016 in the notification forms and in the medical records of hospitalization and outpatient follow-up, and they were presented considering an adequate and inadequate follow-up. Children who attended the primary care unit or referral outpatient clinic during the period recommended by the Ministry of Health were considered adequately followed up and performed the recommended examinations. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used in the comparative analysis. The estimated risk of adequate non-follow-up was verified by simple and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The total of 460 children with congenital syphilis were notified, of which 332 (72.2%) returned for at least one appointment and were part of the study. Exactly 287 (86.4%) children attended the primary health unit; however, there was no reference to congenital syphilis in 236 (71.1%) medical records and no information on the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was found in 264 (79.5%) children. There was nonadherence to subsequent appointments by 272 (81.9%) individuals. The following variables had a statistically significant association with the non-adequate follow-up of the children: marital status of the mothers, number of prenatal appointments, number of pregnancies, blood count, and radiography of long bones. CONCLUSIONS Most children with congenital syphilis attended primary care for follow-up, but the services do not meet the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for adequate follow-up.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar fatores associados ao seguimento ambulatorial não adequado de crianças notificadas com sífilis congênita. MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte não concorrente, realizado em unidades de atenção primária e três maternidades de referência de Fortaleza (Ceará). Os dados foram coletados de setembro de 2013 a setembro de 2016 nas fichas de notificação e nos prontuários médicos de internamento e de seguimento ambulatorial, e apresentados considerando o seguimento adequado e não adequado. Foram consideradas adequadamente seguidas as crianças que compareceram à unidade de atenção primária ou ao ambulatório de referência no período recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde e realizaram os exames preconizados. Utilizou-se os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher na análise comparativa. O risco estimado de não seguimento adequado foi verificado por regressão logística simples e múltipla. RESULTADOS Foram notificadas 460 crianças com sífilis congênita, das quais 332 (72,2%) retornaram para pelo menos uma consulta e fizeram parte do estudo. Compareceram à unidade primária de saúde 287 (86,4%) crianças; entretanto, não havia referência à sífilis congênita em 236 (71,1%) prontuários e não foram encontradas informações acerca da solicitação do exame venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) em 264 (79,5%). Houve não adesão às consultas subsequentes por parte de 272 (81,9%) indivíduos. As seguintes variáveis apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com o seguimento não adequado das crianças: estado civil das genitoras, número de consultas no pré-natal, número de gestações, hemograma e radiografia de ossos longos. CONCLUSÕES A maioria das crianças notificadas com sífilis congênita comparecem à atenção primária para seguimento, porém os serviços não atendem às recomendações do Ministério da Saúde para o seguimento adequado.

Descriptive analysis of syphilis cases reported in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil identifies failure in treatment

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Syphilis infection remains an alarming public health problem worldwide. METHODS: This study analyzed syphilis cases listed in the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN) of Mato Grosso do Sul state in Brazil between January 2013 and December 2014. RESULTS: Most of the evaluated syphilis cases would have been preventable through public education, particularly congenital syphilis in children of previously diagnosed mothers and infection by untreated sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of syphilis could be reduced by improving prevention through counselling on the risk of infection, improving access to condoms, and increasing the frequency of diagnostic tests.

Reemerging diseases in Brazil: sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of syphilis and its under-reporting

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This paper analyzed sociodemographic and epidemiological data of individuals with syphilis as well as the compulsory reporting of the disease, for being a reemerging disease in Brazil. METHODS: General information and sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were verified in compulsory reporting. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2016, 157 reporting forms were explored. Acquired and gestational syphilis occurred predominantly in those 20 to 29 years of age and those who did not complete secondary education. Compulsory reporting forms were not complete. CONCLUSIONS: The number of syphilis cases has varied over the years in the city. Incomplete compulsory reporting was noted.

Descriptive study of suspected congenital Zika syndrome cases during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Clinical and epidemiological data on suspected congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) cases from southern Mato Grosso (MT) in Brazil during the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015-2016 were evaluated. METHODS: This is a descriptive case series study of newborns whose mothers were suspected cases of ZIKV infections during their pregnancies. The medical records of all the suspected CZS cases (mothers and newborns) treated by the specialized ambulatory service from June 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty suspected CZS cases were included in these analyses. They were categorized into four groups based on the clinical and laboratory findings: confirmed cases (n=1), highly probable cases (n=13), moderately probable cases (n=5), and somewhat probable cases (n=1). The mothers tested negative for STORCH (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex) and other important congenital infections; however, specific ZIKV tests were not performed during the study period. Microcephaly was observed in the majority of these newborns, and all the patients showed altered cranial computed tomography image findings. Extracranial abnormalities such as arthrogryposis, and otological and ophthalmological manifestations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although ZIKV was not confirmed to cause the congenital malformations, this study demonstrated that the clinical and epidemiological findings associated with a STORCH exclusion strengthened the CZS diagnosis. The suspected cases in MT occurred simultaneously with the first CZS cases reported in Brazil, suggesting ZIKV circulation in the study region during the same period.

Syphilis in pregnancy, congenital syphilis, and factors associated with mother-to-child transmission in Itapeva, São Paulo, 2010 to 2014

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study describes cases of syphilis in pregnancy (SiP) and congenital syphilis (CS) and identifies factors associated with mother-to-child transmission in patients in Itapeva from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014. METHODS: Using SiP and CS notification forms and medical records, a cross-sectional study involving 149 pregnant women was conducted. RESULTS: Annual SiP detection rates ranged from 16.3-31.4/1000 live births. Most women had prenatal care started at the first trimester of pregnancy with ≥6 visits. Mother-to-child transmission rate was 69.7%. CS incidence rates varied from 9.1-22.3/1000 live births. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest low quality of prenatal care.

Hepatite B e C em gestantes atendidas em um programa de pré-natal em um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: estudo retrospectivo de rastreamento da soroprevalência / Hepatitis b and c in pregnant women attended by a prenatal program in an universitary hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil: retrospective study of seroprevalence screening

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C are diseases with high morbimortality and constitute a global public health problem. In Brazil, the prevalence is not homogeneous, oscillating among different regions, but it is estimated that currently about 1% of the population present chronic disease related to the B virus and that there are 1.5 million infected with the C virus. Despite the development of hepatitis B vaccine, improvement in diagnostic methods and therapeutic advances in the field of viral hepatitis, there is still a large number of people who continues to be infected by these viruses, especially in populations at risk and also due to several factors, including vaccination and migration policies. Vertical and perinatal transmissions are of great importance in the epidemiology of viral hepatitis and the blood tests performed during prenatal care constitute a great opportunity for screening and identifying these viruses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seroprevalence of markers for B and C viruses in women who underwent prenatal care at the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (Antonio Pedro University Hospital) from 2006 to 2013 and to compare the results found with regional data and those described in the specific literature. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study with retrospective data collected from 635 records of pregnant women attended at the Prenatal Service of the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, from March 2006 until December 2013. The database was built in the Microsoft Office Access program and was later exported to Microsoft Office Excel. For the processing and analysis of the data, it was used the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, IBM) version 22.0, for Windows. RESULTS: Twelve cases with positive HBsAg (1.9%), 189 cases with positive anti-HBs (35.9%) and seven positive anti-HCV patients (1.3%) were observed. There was no significant association between age and positivity for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV (P =0.205, 0.872 and 0.676, respectively). There was a direct relationship between the anti-HBs positivity and the last four years of the study (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of HBsAg was observed, higher than the expected for the evaluated region; there was a prevalence of anti-HCV, consistent with the current Brazilian reality; and a likely low rate of hepatitis B immunization, with a relatively high rate of susceptibility to this infection and no case of co-infection between B and C viruses and HIV. It is emphasized not only the need to trace hepatitis B and C, without exceptions, during prenatal care, since even though the current advances in therapy may not cure, at least they may allow a better quality of life for patients with chronic disease and the mandatory completion of immunoprophylaxis in all newborns. Special attention should be given to those patients susceptible to HBV, with prompt diagnosis and referral for specific vaccination.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: As hepatites pelo vírus B e C são doenças com elevada morbimortalidade e um problema de saúde pública global. No Brasil a prevalência não é homogênea, variando entre as diferentes regiões, mas estima-se que atualmente cerca de 1% da população apresente doença crônica relacionada ao vírus B e que haja 1,5 milhões de infectados pelo vírus C. Apesar do desenvolvimento da vacina contra a hepatite B, da melhoria nos métodos diagnósticos e dos avanços terapêuticos no campo das hepatites virais, ainda é grande o número de pessoas que continuam sendo infectadas por esses vírus, principalmente nas populações sob algum tipo de risco e devido a vários fatores incluindo políticas de vacinação e migração. A transmissão vertical e também a perinatal têm grande importância na epidemiologia das hepatites virais e os exames realizados durante o pré-natal constituem uma oportunidade única de rastreio e identificação destes vírus. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a soroprevalência de marcadores para os vírus B e C em mulheres que realizaram a assistência pré-natal no Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro no período de 2006 a 2013 e comparar os resultados encontrados com os dados regionais e os descritos na literatura específica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo, do tipo quantitativo, com coleta retrospectiva de dados em 635 prontuários de gestantes atendidas no Serviço de pré-natal do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de março de 2006 a dezembro de 2013. O banco de dados foi construído no programa Microsoft Office Access, sendo posteriormente exportado para Microsoft Office Excel. Para o processamento e análise dos dados, foi utilizado o pacote estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, IBM) versão 22.0, para Windows. RESULTADOS: Foram observados 12 casos com HBsAg positivo (1,9%), 189 casos com anti-HBs positivo (35,9%) e sete pacientes positivas para o anti-HCV (1,3%). Não foi observada associação significativa entre a faixa etária e a positividade do HBsAg, anti-HBs e anti-HCV (P=0, 205, 0,872 e 0,676 respectivamente). Houve relação direta entre a positividade do anti-HBs e os últimos quatro anos da pesquisa (P<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada uma prevalência alta do HBsAg, acima daquela esperada para a região avaliada; uma prevalência para o anti-HCV concordante com a realidade brasileira atual; um índice provavelmente baixo de imunização contra a hepatite B, com índice relativamente alto de susceptibilidade para esta infecção e nenhum caso de coinfecção entre o vírus B, C e o HIV. Enfatiza-se não só a necessidade da triagem das hepatites B e C, sem exceções, durante o pré-natal, já que os avanços atuais na terapêutica poderão se não curar, pelo menos possibilitar uma melhor qualidade de vida para as pacientes com doença crônica e da realização mandatória da imunoprofilaxia em todos os recém-natos. Atenção especial deverá ser dada àquelas pacientes susceptíveis ao HBV, com pronto diagnóstico e encaminhamento para a realização da vacinação específica.

Epidemiological overview of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women from a state of northeastern Brazil / Panorama epidemiológico del VIH/sida en mujeres embarazadas de un estado de Noreste brasileño / Panorama epidemiológico do HIV/aids em gestantes de um estado do Nordeste brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women. Method: Descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study population was composed of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS residing in the state of Alagoas. Data were organized into variables and analyzed according to the measures of dispersion parameter relevant to the arithmetic mean and standard deviation (X ± S). Results: Between 2007 and 2015, 773 cases of HIV/AIDS were recorded in pregnant women in Alagoas. The studied variables identified that most of these pregnant women were young, had low levels of education and faced socioeconomic vulnerability. Conclusion: It is necessary to include actions aimed at increasing the attention paid to women, once the assurance of full care and early diagnosis of HIV are important strategies to promote adequate treatment adherence and reduce the vertical transmission.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las características epidemiológicas de la infección por el VIH en mujeres embarazadas. Método: Estudio descriptivo con el abordaje cuantitativo. La población estudiada fue compuesta por mujeres embarazadas con VIH/sida residentes en el estado de Alagoas. Los datos fueron organizados en variables y analizados según el parámetro de medidas de dispersión pertinentes a la media aritmética y al desvío estándar (X ± S). Resultados: En el período de 2007 a 2015 fueron registrados 773 casos de VIH/sida en mujeres embarazadas en Alagoas. Las variables estudiadas identificaron que la gran parte de esas mujeres embarazadas engloba a mujeres jóvenes, con bajos niveles de instrucción y situación socioeconómica de vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: Para ello, se hace necesaria la inclusión de acciones direccionadas a ampliación de la atención a las mujeres, en que la garantía de atención integral y el diagnóstico precoz del VIH constituyen estrategias importantes para promocionar la adecuada aceptación al tratamiento y la reducción de la transmisión vertical.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as características epidemiológicas da infecção pelo HIV em gestantes. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A população estudada foi composta por gestantes com HIV/aids residentes no estado de Alagoas. Os dados foram organizados em variáveis e analisados segundo o parâmetro de medidas de dispersão pertinentes à média aritmética e ao desvio padrão (X ± S). Resultados: No período de 2007 a 2015 foram registrados 773 casos de HIV/aids em gestantes em Alagoas. As variáveis estudadas identificaram que a maioria dessas gestantes engloba mulheres jovens, com baixos níveis de instrução e situação socioeconômica de vulnerabilidade. Conclusão: Para tanto, faz-se necessário a inclusão de ações direcionadas a ampliação da atenção às mulheres, em que a garantia de atendimento integral e diagnóstico precoce do HIV constituem estratégias importantes para promover adequada adesão ao tratamento e a redução da transmissão vertical.

Prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy in incarcerated women and the incidence of congenital syphilis in births in prison in Brazil / Prevalência de sífilis e HIV em gestantes encarceradas e incidência de sífilis congênita em crianças nascidas em prisões brasileiras / Prevalencia de sífilis y VIH en gestantes encarceladas e incidencia de sífilis congénita en niños nacidos en prisiones brasileñas

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy, the mother to child transmission of syphilis and the incidence of congenital syphilis in incarcerated women in Brazil; to compare these rates to those observed in pregnant women outside of jail; and to verify the maternal factors associated with syphilis infection during pregnancy in free and incarcerated women. We used data from two nationwide studies conducted during the period 2011-2014. The Birth in Brazil study included 23,894 free women cared for in 266 hospitals. The Maternal and Infant Health in Prisons study included 495 incarcerated pregnant women or mothers living with their children, according to a census conducted in 33 female prisons. The same case definitions and data collection methods were used in both studies. The chi-square test was used to compare the characteristics of incarcerated and free women with a significance of 0.05. For incarcerated women, the estimated prevalence of syphilis during pregnancy was 8.7% (95%CI: 5.7-13.1) and for HIV infection 3.3% (95%CI: 1.7-6.6); the estimated mother to child transmission of syphilis was 66.7% (95%CI: 44.7-83.2) and the incidence of congenital syphilis was 58.1 per 1,000 living newborns (95%CI: 40.4-82.8). Incarcerated women had a greater prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy, lower quality of antenatal care and higher levels of social vulnerability. Syphilis infection showed to be an indicator of social vulnerability in free women, but not in incarcerated women. Health initiatives in prison are necessary to reduce healthcare inequalities and should include adequate antenatal and birth care.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivos estimar a prevalência de infecção de sífilis e HIV na gravidez, transmissão vertical de sífilis e incidência de sífilis congênita em filhos de mulheres encarceradas no Brasil, comparar as taxas com aquelas observadas em gestantes não encarceradas e verificar os fatores maternos associados à sífilis gestacional em mulheres encarceradas e não encarceradas. Usamos os dados de dois inquéritos nacionais realizados entre 2011 e 2014. O estudo Nascer no Brasil incluiu 23.894 mulheres não encarceradas atendidas em 266 hospitais. O estudo sobre Saúde Materno-Infantil nas Prisões do Brasil incluiu 495 mulheres encarceradas, entre gestantes e mães vivendo com seus filhos, de acordo com um censo realizado em 33 presídios femininos. Os dois estudos usaram a mesma definição de casos e os mesmos métodos de coleta de dados. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparar as características das mães encarceradas e não encarceradas, com significância definida em p < 0,05. Nas mulheres encarceradas, a prevalência estimada de sífilis gestacional era 8,7% (IC95%: 5,7-13,1) e para infecção pelo HIV era 3,3% (IC95%: 1,7-6,6); a taxa de transmissão vertical da sífilis foi 66,7% (IC95%: 44,7-83,2) e a incidência de sífilis congênita foi 58,1 por 1.000 nascidos vivos (IC95%: 40,4-82,8). As mulheres encarceradas mostraram uma prevalência mais alta de sífilis e de infecção pelo HIV durante a gravidez, pior qualidade de atendimento pré-natal e níveis mais elevados de vulnerabilidade social, quando comparadas às mulheres não encarceradas. A sífilis mostrou ser indicador de vulnerabilidade social em mulheres não encarceradas, mas não em mulheres encarceradas. Os achados destacam a importância de iniciativas nas prisões para reduzir as desigualdades na assistência à saúde e de cuidados adequados durante o período pré-natal e parto.

Resumen: Los objetivos del estudio fueron estimar la prevalencia de infección de sífilis y VIH en el embarazo, la transmisión vertical de sífilis y la incidencia de sífilis congénita en hijos de mujeres encarceladas en Brasil, además de comparar las tasas con las observadas en gestantes no encarceladas y verificar los factores maternos asociados a la sífilis gestacional en mujeres encarceladas y no encarceladas. Usamos los datos de dos encuestas nacionales, realizadas entre 2011 y 2014. El estudio Nacer en Brasil incluyó a 23.894 mujeres no encarceladas, atendidas en 266 hospitales. El estudio sobre Salud Materno-Infantil en las Prisiones de Brasil incluyó a 495 mujeres encarceladas, entre gestantes y madres, viviendo con sus hijos, de acuerdo con un censo realizado en 33 presidios femeninos. Los dos estudios usaron la misma definición de casos y los mismos métodos de recogida de datos. El test del chi-quadrado se utilizó para comparar las características de las madres encarceladas y no encarceladas, con significancia definida en p < 0,05. En las mujeres encarceladas, la prevalencia estimada de sífilis gestacional era 8,7% (IC95%: 5,7-13,1) y para infección por VIH era 3,3% (IC95%: 1,7-6,6); la tasa de transmisión vertical de la sífilis fue 66,7% (IC95%: 44,7-83,2) y la incidencia de sífilis congénita fue 58,1 por 1.000 nacidos vivos (IC95%: 40,4-82,8). Las mujeres encarceladas mostraron una prevalencia más alta de sífilis y de infección por VIH durante el embarazo, peor calidad de atención prenatal y niveles más elevados de vulnerabilidad social, cuando se comparan con las mujeres no encarceladas. La sífilis mostró ser un indicador de vulnerabilidad social en mujeres no encarceladas, pero no en no mujeres encarceladas. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de iniciativas en las prisiones para reducir las desigualdades en la asistencia a la salud y de cuidados adecuados durante el período prenatal y parto.

Group B Streptococcus detection in pregnant women via culture and PCR methods

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a source of neonatal infection, colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of pregnant women. Routine screening for maternal GBS in late pregnancy and consequent intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis have reduced the incidence of early-onset GBS neonatal infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR, compared to culture (gold standard), in GBS colonization screening of pregnant women, and to establish the prevalence of GBS colonization among this population. METHODS: Vaginal introitus and perianal samples were collected from 204 pregnant women, between the 35th and 37th weeks of pregnancy, at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the University of Caxias do Sul General Hospital between June 2008 and September 2009. All samples were cultured after enrichment in a selective medium and then assayed by culture and PCR methods. RESULTS: The culture and PCR methods yielded detection rates of vaginal/perianal GBS colonization of 22.5% and 26%, respectively (sensitivity 100%; specificity 95.6%; positive and negative predictive values 86.8% and 100%, respectively). A higher prevalence of GBS colonization was detected in the combined vaginal and perianal samples by both culture and PCR assay analyses. CONCLUSIONS: PCR is a faster and more efficient method for GBS screening, allowing for optimal identification of women who should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent newborn infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young pregnant women in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study / Infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis em gestantes jovens no Sul do Brasil: um estudo transversal / Infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en gestantes jóvenes en el sur de Brasil: un estudio transversal

Abstract: This study estimated the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection during pregnancy in a sample of women up to 29 years of age in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and investigated socio-demographic risk factors such as maternal age, marital status, maternal schooling, and family income. C. trachomatis infection was diagnosed with PCR using BD ProbeTecTM CT/GC Amplified DNA Assay. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and reproductive data were collected using structured questionnaires. All collections were performed by previously trained medical students. The study included a stratified probabilistic sample from four maternity hospitals in the city. The sample included 562 pregnant women, and prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 12.3% (95%CI: 9.6-15.0). No significant association was identified between C. trachomatis infection and any of the target variables, including obstetric outcomes such as history of preterm delivery. Our findings in terms of low treatment adherence, only 43% of the women and 9.7% of partners, associated with high C. trachomatis prevalence, reinforce the need to implement routine screening for C. trachomatis during prenatal care. The attempt to diagnose and treat this infection after delivery, as in this study, limits the possibility of success.

Resumo: Este estudo estimou a prevalência de Chlamydia trachomatis durante a gestação entre mulheres de até 29 anos e investigou fatores de risco sociodemográficos, como idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade materna e renda familiar, para a infecção na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Infecção por C. trachomatis foi diagnosticada por PCR utilizando BD ProbeTecTM CT/GC Amplified DNA Assay system. Dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais e reprodutivos foram coletados através de questionários estruturados. Todas as coletas foram realizadas por estudantes de medicina treinados. Amostra probabilística estratificada de quatro maternidades da cidade foi estudada. A amostra constou de 562 gestantes e a prevalência de infecção por C. trachomatis foi de 12,3% (IC95%: 9,6-15,0). Não foi identificada associação significativa entre infecção por C. trachomatis e as variáveis investigadas, incluindo desfechos obstétricos como parto pretermo. Nossos achados de baixa adesão ao tratamento, de apenas 43% entre as mulheres e de 9,7% entre os parceiros, associados a alta prevalência, reforçam a necessidade de implementar rastreamento de rotina para C. trachomatis durante a assistência pré-natal. A tentativa de diagnosticar e tratar esta infecção depois do parto, como feito neste estudo, limita a possibilidade de sucesso.

Resumen: Este estudio estimó la prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis durante la gestación, entre mujeres de hasta 29 años, e investigó factores de riesgo sociodemográficos como: edad materna, estado civil, escolaridad materna y renta familiar, para esta infección en la ciudad de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La infección por C. trachomatis fue diagnosticada mediante PCR, utilizando BD ProbeTecTM CT/GC Amplified DNA Assay system. Los datos sociodemográficos, comportamentales y reproductivos se recogieron a través de cuestionarios estructurados. Todas las recogidas de datos se realizaron por parte de estudiantes de medicina entrenados. Se estudió la muestra probabilística estratificada de cuatro maternidades de la ciudad. La muestra constó de 562 gestantes y la prevalencia de infección por C. trachomatis fue de un 12,3% (IC95%: 9,6-15,0). No se identificó una asociación significativa entre infección por C. trachomatis y las variables investigadas, incluyendo desenlaces obstétricos como el parto pretérmino. Nuestros hallazgos de baja adhesión al tratamiento, solamente un 43% entre las mujeres y un 9,7% entre los compañeros, asociados a la alta prevalencia, refuerzan la necesidad de implementar una exploración de rutina para C. trachomatis durante la asistencia prenatal. La tentativa de diagnosticar y tratar esta infección después del parto, como se realizó en este estudio, limita la posibilidad de éxito.

Aderência ao seguimento no cuidado ao recém-nascido exposto à sífilis e características associadas à interrupção do acompanhamento / Adherence to the follow-up of the newborn exposed to syphilis and factors associated with loss to follow-up

RESUMO: Introdução: Todo recém-nascido exposto à sífilis na gestação deve ter acompanhamento ambulatorial. A interrupção do seguimento põe em risco todos aqueles que não recebem tratamento ao nascer. Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos recém-nascidos expostos à sífilis, assim como gestacionais e sociodemográficas de suas mães e investigar os fatores associados com a descontinuidade do seguimento. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, analítico e retrospectivo dos prontuários de 254 crianças expostas à sífilis, atendidas no Ambulatório de Infecções Congênitas do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, entre 2000 e 2010. Os recém-nascidos foram classificados por referência ao seu acompanhamento ou não. Os dados foram ajustados a um modelo de regressão logística binária, no sentido de identificar os fatores associados à descontinuidade do tratamento. Resultados: As características estatisticamente associadas à interrupção do seguimento na análise multivariada foram: mães com idade acima de 30 anos, paridade de três ou mais filhos e a ausência de coinfecções pelo HIV e/ou hepatites virais. Conclusão: Tais achados demonstram a necessidade de identificar essas famílias e estabelecer estratégias que incentivem a formação de vínculos. Recomenda-se que os critérios de tratamento dos recém-nascidos tenham maior rigor, visto que a maior parte deles não faz o seguimento adequado.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: All newborns exposed to syphilis in pregnancy must have outpatient follow-up. The interruption of this follow-up especially threatens those children who were not treated at birth. Objective: To describe the clinical, epidemiological, and sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women with syphilis and their newborns, and to investigate the factors associated with the discontinuation of the follow-up. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study of medical records of 254 children exposed to syphilis, who were assisted at the Congenital Infectious Clinic of the university hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, between 2000 and 2010. The newborns were classified by reference according to their follow-up. Data were analyzed by means of the binary logistic regression model in order to identify the factors associated to drop out. Results: The factors associated to the interruption of the follow-up were maternal age over 30 years, mothers with 3 or more children, and the absence of cross-infections by HIV and/or viral hepatitis. Conclusion: Such findings demonstrate the need to identify these families and implement strategies to promote the establishment of bonds. A greater rigor to indicate the treatment of the disease at birth is recommended, as most of them do not properly follow up.